Speech Quit Smoking Essay - 766 Words

Speech: Quit Smoking I. Introduction a. Whoa 1,000 dollars! Yes, ladies and gentleman, my first slide of my power point presentation does say, Whoa#8230;1,000 dollars! b. From my Health Psychology Book by Linda Brannon and Jess Feist, it stated that Currently, about 25% of the adults in the United States are classified as smokers, in 1998 when the book was published. c. Now, considering all of us are 18 or older in the room, one out of every four of us is a smoker. Therefore, one out of every four of us spends approximately 1,000 dollars a year on cigarettes, plus the health damage it will do to them later on in life. d. In America, the average number of cigarettes smoked per day is 18.†¦show more content†¦There are 20 cigarettes per pack equaling 328.5 packs, 10 packs in a carton, 32.85 cartons times $28.00-$34.00 a carton, ranges between $919.80 and $1,116.90 a year. iv. Smoking is indubitably an extremely expensive habit. b. From my Health Psychology book I learned the personal characteristics and behaviors that predict smoking in college students like us. i. These include being dissatisfied with education, being unhappy, living in a coed dorm, valuing parties, having multiple sex partners, using marijuana, binge drinking, and having a negative view on religion. ii. This behavior suggest that smokers are somewhat discontented and tend to take social risks. [I will now move on to the harmful chemicals that are in cigarette smoke and the risk factors associated with smoking cigarettes.] III. Body a. In the Health section of the BBC News, they state that cigarette smoke contains 4,000 chemicals, 200 of which are known as harmful, yet people still choose to smoke. i. Some of the harmful chemicals include: Acetone which is used in paint stripper; ammonia, contained in toilet cleaners; butane, a form of lighter fuel; and beta-naphthyl methylether, more commonly known as moth balls. ii. Smokers also take the risk of inhaling hydrogen cyanide, the poison used in gas chambers; methanol, a rocket fuel; and arsenic and carbon monoxide, which is the poisonous gas in carShow MoreRelatedSpeech: Quit Smoking Essay examples455 Words   |  2 PagesSpeech: Quit Smoking Attention Getter: 390,000 people died last year. Each one of them spending an estimated 1,100 dollars a year on their deaths. In twenty-five years each person could have had an estimated 28,000 dollars of free spending money. Smoking is the root of the problem. Appeal to Audience: Weather you smoke or not it affects everyone in this room. You can be affected by either getting taxed for the medical bills or as simple as second handRead MorePersuasive Speech: Dangers of Smoking Essay629 Words   |  3 Pages      Persuasive Speech Dangers of Smoking Specific Purpose: To inform the audience of the dangers of smoking and persuade them not to.   Ã‚   Introduction: 1. Did you know that smoking is the number one preventable cause of death in the United States? 2. According to cancer.org there is 440,000 deaths a year caused by tobacco. 3. On average every smoker costs their employer almost 2,000 dollars a year in lost labor.    By the end of the speech, the audience will be informedRead MoreWhy You Should Quit Smoking Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Smoking in Society Goal: I want to persuade my audience that smoking is a health risk to all of society and that smokers should be encouraged to quit. Thesis: It is imperative for smokers to quit, benefiting society as a whole a well as themselves. Introduction Attention Material: I am from a family where both of my parents dont smoke. There is although a person of my circle who smokes a lot everyday and that is my unlce. All my life I can remember him smoking and trying to quit butRead MoreOutline For A Word For Word1164 Words   |  5 Pageswhat you plan to say in the speech. Fill out the template below. The formatting is started for you. I. INTRODUCTION A. (Attention getter): Mazzone says that â€Å"Nearly 450,000 persons will die every year of a disease attributable to tobacco use† (Mazzone, 2004). B. (Reason to listen): Hi, I’m Cody Polton, I’ve been around smoking all my life and it really irritates me. I know it is bad for you, but I didn’t realize how bad it was until I began to write this speech. C. (Thesis statement withRead MoreHow to Quit Smoking872 Words   |  4 PagesMalachowski How to Quit Smoking * Introduction According to the National Cancer Institute, â€Å"Cigarette smoking causes an estimated 443,000 deaths each year, including approximately 49,400 deaths due to exposure to secondhand smoke.† I am sure everyone in here knows someone who smokes or you yourself may smoke. This speech will give you the knowledge you need to know to help you or your loved ones stop smoking. I myself have been a smoker for the past three years. I recently quit on the 23rd ofRead MoreAwareness Of Smoking Damages On Health1310 Words   |  6 Pages Awareness of smoking damages on health and the ability to quit among international students in Liverpool International College 5. Tutor name: Anne Mearns 6. Student number :47775 7. Date of submission :29/3/2006 8. Word count : 1343 Awareness of smoking damages on health and the ability to quit among international students in Liverpool International College 1. Introduction 1.1 Background Smoking and health are not a modern issue, in fact, the smoking habit always getsRead MoreInformative Speech : Effects Of Smoking816 Words   |  4 Pages Informative Speech Title: Effects of Smoking Speaker: Kevon Jones, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University student Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience to avoid smoking Thesis Statement: Smoking has many dangerous effects on a smoker s health and the health of those around them; it harms every organ in the body and leads to premature death. Introduction I. Attention getter: According to Tobacco-Free Kids, â€Å"about 400,000 people die from their own smoking each year, and aboutRead MoreThe, The Lady That Smokes957 Words   |  4 Pagesfor Disease Control and Prevention, Terries said she thought smoking was cool because her father and friends smokes. She also said she started smoking at an early age of thirteen and sometime she smoke up to three packs a day. In two thousand one, at forty years old, Teri found out she have oral cancer and throat cancer. Her doctor told her they have to remove her larynx. After hearing that, Teri didn’t have a choice but to quit smoking. An artificial voice box was implanted in Teri’s throat. TerrieRead MoreCigarette Smoking Effects on Prenatal Development Essay776 Words   |  4 Pagessmoke and/or quit once pregnancy was known (Roza, et al., 2007, p. 615). This is significant because if the head is not able to expand, the brain is prevented from growing properly. Magnetic resonance i maging (MRI) studies are able to show the volume of a brain; the smaller the brain volume, the increased chances of the child having cognitive and behavioral problems in the future (Roza, et al., 2007, p. 616). Prenatal central nervous system impairment secondary to the mother smoking, has an apparentRead MoreIschemic Stroke Rates in Ireland678 Words   |  3 Pagesassociated with ischemic stroke: Smoking (55.5%), physical inactivity (48.2%), arterial hypertension (46.6%), dyslipidemia (34.9%), and obesity (22.3%). Each of these are well documented risk factors for ischemic stroke, all of which are extremely preventable. High blood pressure, dyslipidemia and obesity could all be avoided or reduced by increasing physical activity levels and improving diet. These are simple actions to take which prevent a potentially fatal problem. Smoking is the leading risk factor

Alcoholism Essay - 2090 Words

Alcoholism is a wide-ranging and complex disease that heavily plagues society. Drinking is defined as the consumption of a liquid, and/or the act of drinking alcoholic beverages especially to excess. Every year alcohol is responsible for 1/2 of all murders, accidental deaths, and suicides; 1/3 of all drowning, boating, and aviation deaths; 1/2 of all crimes; and almost 1/2 of all fatal automobile accidents (Overview 1). Alcohol is a potent nonprescription drug sold to anyone over the national legal drinking age, 21. Unlike carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, which can be manufactured by the body, alcohol is a substance that is not made within the body. It is a food, because it supplies a concentrated number of calories, but is not†¦show more content†¦Relatively speaking, the twelve million U.S. College students drink over 430 million gallons of alcohol a year- that is 3,500 Olympic sized swimming pools filled with alcohol. Binge drinking is the number one public health hazar d for more than six million college students in America (MADD 2). Only five percent of alcohol is eliminated from the body through the breath, urine, or sweat; the rest is broken down in the liver. In the Liver: -Alcohol is broken down in steps by enzymes until only carbon dioxide remain as by-products. -Alcohol is processed at the rate of three tenths of an ounce of pure ethanol per hour (less than one ounce of whiskey) and unprocessed alcohol circulates in the body. (The alcohol from two cocktails, each about 1.5 ounces, drank before dinner is still present in the body three to four hours later) (Overview 2). The liver’s fixed rate of alcohol breakdown means that drinking coffee or taking a cold shower does not speed the sobering process. Therefore, giving coffee to a person who is drunk may make a wide-awake drunk, who thinks he/she is sober enough to drive a car. Occasional users of alcohol, who are healthy, do not appear to suffer negative affects from use of alcohol. In moderate doses, alcohol has beneficial effects: relaxation, appetite stimulation. However, consumed in large amounts, alcohol is a toxin. The short-termShow MoreRelatedAlcoholism : Alcoholism And Alcoholism2482 Words   |  10 Pageslead to extreme alcohol abuse and even alcoholism. The society we live in is strongly prejudiced by alcohol, and affects people of all ages, gender, and background. It has been uncovered to millionaires to the homeless. Alcohol abuse has been a problem throughout the history of humanity; it is a disease which has caused many people to be overcome with trouble, problems, and debts also pattern of drinking that interferes with day-to-day activities. Alcoholism is a term that is widely recognized throughoutRead MoreAlcoholism The Disease : Alcoholism And Alcoholism1829 Words   |  8 PagesAlcoholism the Disease According to the Dual Diagnosis website, â€Å"In 2012, as many as 87.6 percent of American adults over age 18 were reported in a SAHMSA†¦study to have consumed alcohol at some point in their lives†¦The National Institutes of Health†¦estimated that 17 million adults in the United States in 2012 had an alcohol use disorder† (â€Å"Disease†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Approximately one in every 12 people either are abusing alcohol, or they are becoming, if not are, victims of alcoholism (National†¦). Alcohol consumptionRead MoreAlcoholism And Their Effects On Alcoholism Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesMillions of people every year are affected by alcoholism. Both those suffering from alcoholism, and their family members. Out of the millions effected, only a fraction of them seek help in taking control of their addiction. There are many similarities between individual cases of alcoholism, and countless resources to help those who wish to stop drinking, and rekindle their relationships with their families. Statistics In 2014 in the United States 87.6% of people age 18 and older have reported drinkingRead MoreThe Dangers Of Alcoholism And Alcoholism1165 Words   |  5 Pagessomeone to drink and how can they overcome alcoholism? Are a person s emotions the motivating factor to suppress depression or hate? Are social groups, peer pressure, or the need to fit in the primary motivator or is it a result from the type of environment the drinker was raised in? Is it possible to overcome alcoholism and live a happy and normal life? Let’s take a look at a few of the factors that could motivate someone to fall victim to alcoholism and the chances of overcoming this dreadfulRead MoreAlcoholism : Is Alcoholism A Disease?929 Words   |  4 PagesAlcoholism has raised many debates over the truth of its nature. Many scholars argue that alcoholism can be treated as a disease. Such approach to defining alcoholism means denying that alcohol abusers own a choice. In consequence, the treatment related diffe rs and may or may not actually help alcoholics recover. A wrong diagnostic of this addiction can lead to serious health issues; therefore, it is vital to answer the following question: Is alcoholism a disease? Most experts in this field criticisesRead MoreAlcoholism And Dependency Of Alcoholism924 Words   |  4 Pagessources. The research study that will be the main focus of this paper will be on alcoholism and topics discussed on the dependency of alcoholism. One will come across with articles having different discuss on the effects, use of and dependency of alcoholism. The introduction section will include a brief definition of alcoholism. Overall the paper will discuss about the causes of alcoholism, effects of alcoholism, the treatment for alcohol dependence. Method section will discuss about the participantsRead MoreAlcoholism Is An Epidemic Of Alcoholism1492 Words   |  6 Pages It’s no secret that alcoholism is an epidemic. Anyone can fall prisoner to its call. Alcoholism knows no gender, no age, and no race. Alcoholism is an addiction to alcohol. This addiction is not a joke, or a reason to shame others. Its effects on people can be fatal. Alcoholism has claimed the lives of many people. Not always in the same way, but all the same a life lost. The way that some people lose their lives is listed as following: they lose their family, friends, homes, jobs, and etc. nowRead MoreThe Problem Of Alcoholism And Alcoholism1539 Words   |  7 PagesAlcoholism proves to be a leading cause of brain damage and body malfunction all across America, ultimately endangering your life and the ones around you, but overcoming alcoholism seems to be a harder obstacle to overcome because this addictive drug imprints denial on your brain and makes you think you can stop drinking whenever you want. Denial is one of the hardest hurdles to jump over to getting help for al coholism and abuse. The desire to drink is so strong that the mind finds ways to rationalizeRead MoreAlcoholism And Its Effects On Alcoholism2456 Words   |  10 Pages Alcoholism is one of the most intractable and pervasive psychological disorders known. Though the negative health consequences of alcohol are widely understood, and, if anything, the social consequences of alcoholism are even more widely acknowledged, it seems that no matter what steps are taken by public health officials or private organizations, no strategy can ever be fully developed for eradicating alcoholism. There are a number of reasons why this is true. This paper will explore some ofRead MoreAlcoholism : An Exploration Of Alcoholism2043 Words   |  9 PagesDrink Too Many: An Exploration of Alcoholism Many adults can enjoy a drink or two from time to time without any issues, but just one drink can cause over seventeen million Americans’ lives to spiral out of control. Though most people do not have issues with drinking alcoholic beverages, many have a condition which causes their brain to function differently when they consume alcohol. This disease can be deadly for both the alcoholic and those around them. Alcoholism can control someone’s life, and

Essay about Machiavellis Reputation in the Modern World

Machiavellis Reputation in the Modern World Niccolà ² Machiavelli was known during much his life as a part of the republican government in Florence until 1512. At that time, the Medici family took over the city and ruled under a more monarchical system. From that point until his death in 1527, Machiavelli was always just on the outside of Florentine politics. He would occasionally get work from the Medici but his tasks were never as important as they had been under the republican government of the past. As he was trying to find his way back into a major role in Florentine government, Machiavelli wrote The Prince, a manual of sorts that explained how a monarch should rule his state and why. While Machiavelli had been a strong†¦show more content†¦Anyone who is ruthless is considered Machiavellian nowadays. But some of Machiavellis other books, The Discourses, The History of Florence, and some of his personal correspondences to friends and family indicate that Machiavelli held a different set of ideals. In the second half of the twentieth century, Machiavellis other writings have come to more prominent light. Although many have questioned his motives behind writing the Prince in the past, only recently have his other works been more closely studied. In particular, the letters he wrote to friends and family while he was writing The Prince and those he wrote before and after, which provide details into what he was thinking at the time. Also, The Discourses is another book that talks about how to govern a state. In that book, Machiavelli is far less ruthless than in The Prince. He even goes so far as to say that monarchy is a bad form of government. So, while the term Machiavellian still holds the same meaning, Machiavellis purposes in writing The Prince have become much more contested than in the first half of the century. As a result, Machiavellis reputation as a political thinker is improving and he is being compared to politicians who are somewhat more popular, such as the U nited States founding fathers and Bill Clinton. Instead of being knownShow MoreRelatedEssay about Niccolo Machiavelli1653 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical views may seem harsh and unrealistic in today’s world, but they also support some realities in modern government and business. As a child during the Italian Renaissance life was very interesting. The Medici, the ruling family in Florence at the time, greatly influenced Machiavelli. The Medici had a weak military and no political strength in Europe and because of this Italy was invaded by France and Spain. Before and during Machiavelli’s life, his country was engaged in war and involved inRead MoreAnalysis Of Nicolo Machiavelli s The Prince1536 Words   |  7 PagesNicolà ³ Machiavelli’s The Prince highlights important aspects of successful leadership and power. The representations of gender and power in this text help to display the principles and guidelines that would make a leader successful in Machiavelli’s eyes. Throughout The Prince, Machiavelli implies that an individual with good morals will not obtain power, but rather that an individual who obtains power is assumed as morally upright by the people. One may wonder how a man whose reputation was a worshipperRead MoreNiccolà ² M achiavellis Acquisition of Power Essay1327 Words   |  6 PagesThinkers from Aristotle to Francis Bacon would expound on this idea of a social contract, but none would exemplify the realism and ruthlessness of modern politics like Machiavelli. While the word Machiavellian has become part of our lexicon as a term for the ruthless execution of political will glorifying the â€Å"ends justify the means† mentality, Machiavelli’s true legacy should be found in his belief that the state was more than a contract as Bacon or John Locke would later explain. Machiavelli wasRead MorePrinciples Of Machiavelli1615 Words   |  7 Pageswas not well accepted as it went perceived to go against the Catholic Church. However, today the prince has been deemed a classic and its teachings can be applied to the business world. Many companies have applied Machiavelli’s principles, without intending to do so, and have risen to success. By following Machiavelli’s ideas that a prince must be supported by the people, a courageous prince can overcome difficulties, and a prince must not rely on outside solider, Michael Kors has risen to successRead MoreEssay on Lao Tzus Teachings on Effective Government1206 Words   |  5 Pagesare Lao Tzu’s teachings on how to manage the government and Machiavelli’s tactics of how to maintain power as a leader in order to develop a more effective and prosperous government. According Lao Tzu’s teaching, his laissez-faire attitude was the most suitable in today’s government. He states, â€Å"If you want to be a great leader, you must learn to follow the Tao. Stop trying to control. Let go of fixed plans and concepts, and the world will govern itself† (Verse 57). This has supported by his writingRead MoreEssay about Virtà ¹ in Machiavelli’s Prince1520 Words   |  7 PagesFor most contemporary readers, Niccolà ² Machiavelli is a name synonymous with deceit, cunning, and manipulation, a reputation which stems almost entirely from his authorship of one of the central works of modern political philosophy: The Prince. Given this image, it is incredibly ironic that the Italian word virtà ¹ and its derivatives appear no less than seventy-two times throughout the work. While the translator goes to great lengths to adapt this versatile word to the context of the situation, itRead MoreMachiavelli and Gossip Girl1497 Words   |   6 Pages Machiavelli’s The Prince is a guide written for the ruling class on how to maintain power, however, royalty is no longer a characteristic that belongs only to a monarch. In The Prince, Machiavelli targets the prince and all other royalty, but today his work may be used as a social critique of upper class society. Thus, a popular television show depicting Manhattan’s elite governed by social media blasts, is no coincidence. It is evident that the creators of the popular television show Gossip GirlRead MoreAnalysis Of Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince 1625 Words   |  7 Pagesfamous, or infamous for writing, explains in detail what a prince(name for the leader of a state) needs to do for successful leadership of his land. It is his debatable theories scripted in this work that some contribute to him the title of the first modern day philosopher of political science. Born on May 3, 1469 in Florence, Italy, Niccolo Machiavelli was brought up in a middle class family. His mother was a religious poet, and his father was a lawyer who did not profit much wealth from his careerRead MoreMachiavelli And Castiglione Essay937 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the inspiration of both Niccolà ² Machiavelli and Baldassare Castiglione during the Italian Renaissance of the fifteenth century. Machiavelli and Castiglione shared their beliefs about society in their published writings. The most notorious of Machiavelli’s works was The Prince, a take on the political structure and successes of western civilization. Castiglione’s most known publication, The Courtier, was heavily influenced by the works of Plato and Cicero and contributed heavy sections of dialogueRead MoreSir Thomas More s Utopia And Niccolo Machiavelli s The Prince1454 Words   |  6 PagesSir Thomas More’s Utopia and Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince reflect the ideals of the Renaissance. Their reflections of the Renaissance are similar; however, their representations of the Renaissance also have distinct differences. The Renaissance or â€Å"rebirth† was a cultural movement that accompanied the passage of Europe from the Middle Ages to modern times. Niccolo Machiavelli was an Italian civic humanist, historian, diplomat, philosopher, politician, and writer during the Renaissance. He applied

Impact of Smoking Habit on Students-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: How does Smoking Habit Impacts on Students in Social Science in University of Wollongong? Answer: Introduction The proposed research includes an investigation about the use of smoking habits of students in social science and its impact on them. The integration of scientific evidences signifying that cigarette smoking as severe health hazard and especially, it becomes the major cause of lung cancer. It could lead to an increased sense of responsibility among the individuals and organizations concerned with public health to observe that young and adult students are aware of such hazard. Several studies have conducted on the cause of increasing smoking habit but hardly a number of studies have particularly focused on the impact of such deadly habit on the students and this is where the proposed study holds significance of conducting an investigation on this context. In this context, Johnston et al. (2016) commented that tobacco proves to be the most significant preventable cause of premature death in several nations. Moreover, a half of the smokers who initiated smoking in adolescence could die from the persistent use of tobacco. The proposed study will examine the impact of smoking habits particularly of the students of Wollongong. This research report provides the detail of study and investigation in terms of the major areas, techniques, resources and other relevant aspects. The purpose of the research is to examine the impact of increasing smoking habits on university students. Research Aim and Objectives The aim of the research is to investigate the impact of smoking habits on the students in social science of the University of Wollongong. In addition, the research also identifies the major causes behind the increasing smoking habit. The following are the key objectives of the research that will help to shape the research needs and contribute to the actions of gaining the desired outcomes. To critically investigate the causes of increasing smoking habits of the students of University of Wollongong To analyze the impact of smoking habits on the students in social science of University of Wollongong To develop a suitable solution to reduce the impact on the students Research Questions What are the causes of smoking of the students in social science of University of Wollongong? What is the impact of increasing smoking habit of students of University of Wollongong? Background to the research The university life is a significant phase for every student at that time; they grow and engage in the risky behavior such as smoking. Therefore, it is found that smoking always remains as a public health issue among the students of the University. An international study conducted by Doran et al. (2013), demonstrated almost 34% of male university students as well as 27% of female university students from 24 different nations were the existing smokers with the large difference between nations and genders. As put forward by Maziak (2011), the individual personality factors, cognitive factors as well as coping resources could play a significant role in determining particularly, which college students grow the tendency to start and continue to smoke. In this context, Musmar (2012) also mentioned that personality factors as stable as well as distinctive traits of a person could account for variability in health perceptions. On the other side, Koura, Al-Dossary and Bahnassy (2011) mentioned that personality factors might engage neuroticism, extraversion, frankness and agreeableness. A study performed by Doran et al. (2013), demonstrate that neuroticism is related with the smoking cost onset in young students. Based on the previous studies, it can be mentioned that social smoking has rapidly become prevalent and it could through a challenge to the conventional cessation practices. It has also been identified that social smoking remains as the subset of irregular smoking behavior, which is usually described as smoking in the social context. Self-efficacy remains as a well-known factor to influence health behaviors. A self-efficacy theory developed by Bandura indicates that behavior is usually anticipated by an individuals confidence in their ability capability to achieve a provided task. Furthermore, the recent studies on the enhancement of medical education in different nations have persistently demonstrated that undergraduate training in this particular area remains inadequate. Moreover, a surprising facts is that effectively developed educational interventions to enhance knowledge skills and attitudes of students about the treatment of smokers remain available but the factor of higher cost in respect with resource and teaching time restrict the implementation of such program. Maziak (2011) mentioned that one single lecture on the topic could be sufficient to blend the interest of university students extracting self-directed learning activities about the tobacco toxicology and treatment alternatives. Therefore, a high quality of research is widely required in this particular area. Going forward, Bachman et al. (2013) reported that university students attending the final year of undergraduate students have poor knowledge regarding the use of tobacco dependency, smoking related pathology as well as the role of physicians in the action of smoking prohibition. Thereby, it can be mentioned that while the findings itself are the factors for concern, the interpretation of such interpretation could be further developed by contrasting them to survey results gained from the students. Problem Statement Even though, the social studies have found new ways to make the students and adults aware of the deadly effect of smoking, no such positive improvement has yet been observed (Brando, Pimentel and Cardoso 2011). Due to the social influence and lack of awareness, education, the young university students are becoming addicted to smoking. Moreover, instead of decrease, the habits grow up with the tendency. There are many studies conducted on the prevention and prohibition of smoking but the required awareness have not yet been observed and promoted. As the consequence, the cigarette smokers are being affected with serious diseases; they suffer from multiple deadly diseases that take their life. In each developing nation, the count of death due to the habit of smoking increases. Therefore, an intensive and experimental study is required to examine the impact and develop possible remedies. Research Methods The research methods determine the outcome of the research; this means the research methods should be implemented properly. Inappropriate implementation of research methods could lead to unexpected outcome. Therefore, to conduct the proposed research both primary and secondary analysis will be conducted. The primary research method includes the pilot study technique, where a survey will be conducted among the students of Wollongong University. The survey will be conducted among 10 students of the university. Details about the research methods have been discussed in the following. Research philosophy As put forward by Tong et al. (2012), the research philosophy helps to manage the source, nature of development of knowledge. Therefore, while addressing the research philosophy, there should be a state of awareness in terms of formulating the beliefs and assumptions. Moreover, the research philosophy helps to extract the hidden facts from the research contexts. Usually, there are four different types of research philosophies namely positivism, interepretivism, realism and pragmatism. The positivism research is related to the opinions that only factual knowledge obtained through observation. According to Miller et al. (2012), in positivism, the role of researcher is limited to the data collection and interpretation. On the other side, interepretivism helps to interpret the elements of the research; thereby, interepretivism integrates human interest into a research study. However, in the proposed study, positivism research philosophy will be used as positivism research philosophy prov ides the large scope of using both quantitative and qualitative research method. It will help to gain the factual knowledge, which will help to analyze the finding related to the impact of smokers on the students of Wollongong University. On the other side, the interepretivism research philosophy will not be used because the primary data generated in such interepretivism practice cannot be generalized, as the data is largely impacted by the individual viewpoint as well as values. Research Approach The research approach is usually divided into two categories such as deductive approach and inductive approach. According to Snyder (2012), the deductive research approach is usually concerned with the formulation of research hypothesis based on the existing theory as well as the design of the research strategy to verify the research hypothesis. Conversely, the inductive research approach starts with the observation as well as theories that are proposed towards the end of the research process. However, in the context of proposed research, deductive research approach will be used , where a set of the hypotheses will be formed and they will be tested during the analysis of the data. On the contrary, the inductive research approach has been rejected because the outcome of the proposed study cannot be derived based on observation and theories only. Research Designs The research design is usually divided into two different categories exploratory and descriptive. According to Anderson and Shattuck (2012), exploratory research in accordance to its name, it aims to discover the specific aspects of the research areas but it does not aim to provide final as well as conclusive answers to the research questions. On the other side, the descriptive study aims to cast light on the current issues, which means that this research design could help to identify the current impact of increasing habits of smoking on the university students. Therefore, considering this particular advantage, descriptive research objective will be applied to the proposed study. Data collection methods The data collection techniques are usually divided into two different categories namely primary and secondary. Primary Data Collection-The primary data will be conducted by applying qualitative data collection method. The qualitative data collection will include a pilot study method, where the students of Wollongong University will be surveyed by asking them to respond to some open-ended questions. The respondents will be selected based on the random sampling method and the capacity of sampling. Secondary data collection- To conduct the secondary analysis, the secondary data will be collected from the reliable secondary sources such as books, journals, newsletter blogs and other reliable secondary sources. The analysis has been conducted in the literature review comparing the findings with each other. Sampling In order to conduct the survey, a random sampling research method will be applied to engage the respondents in the survey. The respondents such as the students will be selected based on the criteria of random sampling technique. The capacity of sampling for the survey is 15, which means, 15 students could take part in the survey. Description of the research tool pilot process The research aims for investigating the factors of smoking habit in the University of Wollongong. The research also aims to find the impact of smoking of these students with accurate details. Thus, as a part of data collection, primary data collection method will be used. However, pilot process will be used in order to cross check the response given by the selected search respondents. Mackey and Gass (2015) depict that pilot study is a standard scientific tool that allows a research scholar to conduct a preliminary analysis prior analyzing the research outcome. Pilot test also refer to a survey, a key informant interview guide or observation form that is performed on a very few sample size. Silverman (2016) also stated that the total number of respondents participate in the research is known as sample size and here in this research 10 students will be considered. A set of 10 questions will be asked to each of the ten respondents regarding the habits of smoking. Among those 7 students , 3 students are smoker students; while, the rest of 2 students are non-smokers. The prime reason for selecting the smokers students is that they can clearly describe the impact of smoking and factors that encouraged them to smoke; however, the reason for selecting non-smokers students is that they can describe the habits they notice are noticing in smokers and what they think is the reason for which they opt for smoking. The research will aim on pilot testing in order to get an in-depth analysis of the developed research question. Proposed analyses are appropriate for the research tool The proposed analyses are appropriate and relevant to the research tools that will be used in the study because to conduct the analysis, pilot study method will be applied, which provides authentic data findings. This is because, the pilot study provides the scope to cross-check each answer of the question, which means the researcher ensures whether the respondent gives the right answer. Moreover, this research method will not create any state of confusion in the mind of the respondents because the responses of the participants are cross-checked. Thus, it can be mentioned that as with the help of such relevant tool like pilot study, unbiased and appropriate outcome can be derived. Feasibility of research to address research questions, aim and objectives The research questions, aims and objectives can be met, as in the proposed research, the data will be collected through pilot study method, which assures the authenticity of the data. In addition to this, during the analysis, each research question will be linked to the findings derived by the research tools. The research aim will be compared with the findings found after the collection of data. In the action plan, the first the research questions will be formed based on the research aim and objectives. Once the data is collection, during the analysis, it will be ensured that research findings cover the variables mentioned in the objectives. Proposed research and significance This research will illustrate the smoking habits among the university student studies in the University of Wollongong. It is seen that especially the students after the age of 24 addicted to smoking, alcohols and tobacco. Universities in recent time are taking initiatives to make the college campus a smoke free area but after these initiatives also some college students are witnessed to addict to bad habits especially to cigarette the most. Thus, this research will aim to study the factors that boost the desire of the student to smoke and get addicted to it. The research will also represent the possible impact of the smoking that the smokers faces and will also suggest some solution that the university can take so that student wills start quitting smoking. Significance of the study The significance of the study is that it illustrates the research held on the college students. The students of the University of Wollongong are taken into consideration so that they can represent their view directly on the smoking habits, factors that encourage them to smoke and the impact from which they are suffering will be shown. The significance of the study is that the research will follow a pilot testing in which all the research questions are cross-checked in order to understand whether or not the student (research respondents) get the meaning of the research properly. Significance and innovation of the research The innovation of the research can be said based on the research technique that will be used in the research. A significant research are based on qualitative or quantitative research studies where a question is asked once and the response attained for each research question are considered as the final feedback based on which research outcome is judged. However, in this research two kinds of research respondents will be considered- smokers and non-smokers. The smokers students can easily describes the factors based on which they started smoking; while non-smokers can explain the habits that they noticed in the student, who smoke. After getting the response, all the respondents will be approached individually and asked about their view on each research question individually. In this way, each question can be analyzed in-depth that is not found in other research. Thus, it can be said that in this research, an accurate ideas regarding each research question will be obtained that will hel p to draw the possible factors and impact of smoking among the college students of University of Wollongong. Strengths and limitations of the developed research tool Strengths of the developed research tool The developed research tool is used is pilot testing. The advantage is that each respondent is interviewed with all the research questions with ample time. Moreover, pilot experiment evaluate feasibility, time, cost and adverse events more precisely as personal comments on the research question is taken into consideration. Thus, this research tool will help with ideas, approaches and clues for getting a clearer finding in the main study and allows verifying the planned statistical and analytical procedures to assess the usefulness of the obtained data. Lastly, pilot testing reduces the number of unanticipated problems as in pilot testing the research question can be re-designed based on the convenience who is taking the interview. Another advantage is that pilot testing saves lot of time and money and always provides enough data to present a research outcome. Limitations of the developed research tool Though there are advantages of using pilot testing tool but there are some limitations associated with the same tool. The first disadvantage is that only few respondents are taken into consideration like in this research only 10 students are considered. On the other hand other research considers more research respondents in order to gather the perception of more number of respondents. Thus, by considering few respondents the research outcome might get improper authenticity while comparing it to with greater sample size. Another disadvantage is that it took much time to complete the data collection for the research as one research question is cross checked twice which demands much time compared to other type of research tool like quantitative data analysis. Additionally, pilot testing also allows for re-designing of research question if any respondent feel uncomfortable to answer some questions. The disadvantage in this process is the biasness of the interviewer as they are free to as k any question for satisfying the research outcome and this might violate the research ethics. References kerlind, G.S., 2012. Variation and commonality in phenomenographic research methods.Higher Education Research Development,31(1), pp.115-127. Al-Kaabba, A.F., Saeed, A.A., Abdalla, A.M., Hassan, H.A. and Mustafa, A.A., 2011. 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